Biomechanics involves the application of mechanical engineering principles to the human body. Simply stated, biomechanical engineers study and evaluate the effect of physical forces on the human body. Mechanical properties of human tissue and the musculoskeletal system are incorporated to quantify failure levels and mechanisms of injury.

• Analysis of occupant kinematics and applied forces in low speed rear-end accidents
  
  
• Comparison of low speed rear-end accidents to forces experienced in activites of everyday living
  
  
• Analysis of occupant kinematics and applied forces in high speed accidents
  
  
• Injury mechanism analysis (i.e., Could the alleged injury occur given the magnitude and direction of applied force/forces?)
  
  
• Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) analysis
  
  
• Rollover ejection analysis
  
  
• Biomechanical analysis of all types of human motion and impact dynamics
  
  

      Instrumentation of occupant motion in staged collisions is performed pursuant to the SAE J211 requirements utilizing IC Sensor 3130 (50G) tri-axial accelerometers and a TDAS Pro Model #DM1092 (100G) 8 Channel Sensor Input Module data aquisition system manufactured by Diversified Technical Systems, Inc. All TDAS products are certified to the NHTSA, FAA, ISO 6487 and SAE J211 data acquisition practices. The primary advantage of a controlled instrumented crash test lies within the fact that exact vehicle models can be utilized to directly quantify occupant accelerations at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spines in low speed rear-end accidents or any type of accident. With the accelerations quantified, corresponding forces applied to the occupant can also be calculated in addition to corroborating vehicle crush damage.

    Forensic animation is the use of 3-D computer graphics to clearly illustrate complex concepts to a non-technical jury. HVE (Human-Vehicle-Environment), 3DS Studio Max, and a VICON 12 camera motion capture system can be utilized to build vehicle and environment models, simulate real-world crashes, recreate exact human motion, and produce studio quality results.

• Multi-Occupant Human Impact Simulation
   
• Multi-Vehicle Collisions and Simulations
   
• Tractor-Trailer Simulations
   
• Simulation of Tire Blow-outs and Rollovers
   
• Line of Sight Simulated from Driver’s Perspective
   
• 3D Environment Models Produced from Survey Data
   
• Vehicle impacts utilize EDSMAC4 for validated results
   
• Animations not involving motor vehicle occupant kinematics, utilize a VICON 12 camera motion capture system to model human motion and ensure accurate kinematics

    Visual presentations are extremely persuasive to juries as technical opinions are illustrated instead of explained verbally. Additionally, animations are nearly 100% admissible since they convey an expert’s opinion. Forensic animations can and will persuade a jury to accept your position by enhancing their understanding of the facts. Studies have shown that individuals who experienced a visual presentation in addition to a verbal presentation retained approximately 85% of the information as opposed to retaining only 10% with oral presentations alone.

   Elliott & Jones, LLC utilizes the English XL Slipmeter for slip resistance measurements of any walking surface. The XL is recognized by ASTM/ANSI F1679, ASTM D5859, and other specialized test standards for its use by ASTM, NFPA, and ANSI committees as well as OSHA and ADA compliance. It is also the slipmeter of choice among competent experts and is widely accepted in the courts. Slips don’t occur on clean dry surfaces, thus the XL was designed primarily for valid measurement of wet or otherwise lubricated surfaces, while incorporating dynamics that mimic certain parameters of a pedestrian's gait. It is the only slipmeter equipped with a stair fixture that enables the metering of traction on step nosings parallel to the direction of pedestrian travel.

• The XL can be used on wet or oily surfaces with reliable results
   
• The XL is the only portable slipmeter approved for wet testing
   
• The XL mimics heel contact during normal ambulation

• Creation of high accuracy 3D vehicle crush models from
  provided photographs taken by unknown sources
  
  
• Accurate roadway measurements from provided
  photographs taken by unknown sources
  
  
• Determination of 3D location of objects within
  provided photographs taken by unknown sources
  
  
• Evaluation and measurements within
  provided video footage taken
  by unknown sources